What changes the cages answer
Use several bird-safe natural wood perches with different diameters and textures. The bird's feet should wrap comfortably without being forced flat or clenched tight.
Avoid one-size dowel setups
A single smooth dowel puts the same pressure on the same foot spots all day. That can contribute to soreness and poor foot condition over time.
Skip sandpaper as a main perch
Rough sandpaper covers can irritate feet and do not replace nail care. They are not a fix for poor perch variety.
Place perches with purpose
Keep perches away from food and water contamination, leave open movement paths, and give the bird a comfortable sleep perch.
Inspect feet and perches
Check for redness, sores, pressure marks, loose bark, mold, splinters, and droppings buildup.